User survey conducted at the Medical Library of the University of Limburg at Maastricht

Notes

1) There is an extensive literature on problem-based learning. Among the more significant are Neufeld, V and Barrows, H.S. The McMaster philosophy. An approach to medical

education. J. Med. Ed..:4.s. (1974) 1040-1050; Schmidt, H.G. Problem-based learning;

rationale and description. Medical Education 1Z (1983) 11-16; Barrows, H.S.and Tamblyn, A.M. Problem-based learning: rationale and description. ill Problem-based learning: an approach to medical education. New York: Springer, 1980; pp.1-18; Neame, A.L.B. Towards independent learning: curricular design for assisting students to learn how to learn. J. Med. Educ. .56 (1981) 886-893; Walton, H.J. and Matthews, M.B. Essentials of problem-based learning. Med. Educ. 23 (1989) 542-558. Albanese, M.A. and Mitchell, S. Problem-based learning: a review of literature on its outcomes and implementation issues. Acad. Med. 68 (1993) 52-81, is a useful synopsis. Descriptions of aspects of the Maastricht curriculum are given in Schmidt, H.G., Boshuizen H.P.A. and de Vries, M. Comparing problem-based with conventional education; a review of the University of Limburg Medical School experiment. Annals of Communitv- Oriented Education.5. (1992) 193-198; Majoor, G.D. Introspection at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Limburg. loc. cit. pp. 199- 207; Greep, Jacobus M. Perspective of the Academic Hospital. Annals 3(II) S25-S31; Majoor, G.D. and Snellen-Balendong, H.A.M. Curriculum revision: renovation of an innovative approach. loc cit. pp. S331-S336; Post, G.J., de Graaf, E..and Drop, M.J. Efficiency of a primary-care curriculum. Annals 1 (1988) 25-31; Verwijnen, M. et al. The evaluation system at the medical school of Maastricht. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education 1(3) (1982) 225-244.

2) Barrows, H.S. A taxonomy of problem-based learning methods. Med. Educ. 20 (1986) 481-486.

3) The health sciences curriculum is described by de Volder, M.L..and Thung, P.J., Implementing a problem-based curriculum: a new social health programme at the University of Limburg, the Netherlands. Onderzoek van Onderwijs 18 (1982).

4) Geerligs, T. Studielandschap en studeergedrag van studenten in de FdGW (The learning resource centre and the study behaviour of health sciences students). Unpublished, 1990.

5) Dolmans, D.H.J.M. et al.. The relationship between student-generated learning issues and self-study in problem-based learning. Submitted for publication; Dolmans, D.H.J.M. and Schmidt, H.G. What drives the learning in problem-based education? Draft; not yet submitted for publication.

6) e.g., Bookstein, A. Questionnaire research in a library setting. J. Acad. Librarianshio

11(1) (1985) 24-28; Butler, M. and Gratch, B. Planning a user study--the process defined.

College and Research Libraries 43 (1982) 320-330; Gothburg, H.M. The library survey: a research methodology rediscovered. College and Research Libraries.51 (1990) 553-559; Martin, L.A. User studies and library planning. Librarv Trends (1976) 483-496; Phillips, L.L. and Lyons, W. Analyzing library survey data using factor analysis. College and Research Libraries.51 (1990) 483-489; Schlichter, D and Pemberton, J.M. The emperor's new clothes? Problems of the user survey as a planning tool in academic libraries. College and Research Libraries 53 (1992) 257-265. The subject is treated thoroughly in standard works on research methods in librarianship.

7) e.g., Moore, M. Innovation and education: unlimited potential for the teaching library. Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc.77(1) (1989) 26-32; Allegri, F. Course-integrated instruction: metamorphosis for the twenty-first century. Medical Reference Services Quarterlv, 4(4) (1985-6) 47-66; Dorsch, J.L. A multidisciplinary approach to information and critical appraisal instruction. Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc. 78(1) (1990) 38-44; Graves, K.J. and Selig, S.A. Library instruction for medical students. Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc. 74(2) (1986) 126-130; Strickland-Hodge, B. Orientation and training of preclinical medical students in the use of the library. Health Libraries Review.4 (1987) 238-243; Loftin, J.E. Library orientation and library instruction for medical students. Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc. 71 (2) (1983) 207-209; Port, Jane S. Continuing education in information retrieval techniques for clinicians. Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc. .68(2) (1980) 238-240.

8) e.g., Ten Cate, Th.J. et al., Senior medical students' knowledge of basic concepts of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics; the ability to interpret medical literature. In W. Bender et al. Teaching and assessino clinical competence. Groningen: Boekwerk, 1990. pp. 266-269; DaRosa, D.A. et al. A study of the information-seeking skills of medical students and physician faculty. J.Med.Educ. 58. (1983) 45-50; Friedlander, J. Clinical search for information. JASIS (1973) 65-69; Northup, D.E. et al. Characteristics of clinical information searching: investigation using critical incident technique. J. Med. Educ. 58. (1983) 873- 881.

9) This is reviewed lucidly in Powell, Ronald R. The relationship of library user studies to performance measures: a review of the literature. University of Illinois Graduate School of

Library and Information Science Occasional Papers 181 (1988); see also Rees, A.M.

Medical libraries and the assessment of user needs. Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc. 54(2) (1966) 99-103.

10) Esteve-Coll, E. Marketing and the academic library. Information and Librarv Manager 2 (1985) 59-65; Ford, V. PR: the state of public relations in academic libraries. College and Research Libraries.42 (1985) 395-401; Miller, L. Liaison work in the academic library. RQ 12 (1977) 213-215; Murphy, Kurt R. Marketing and library management. Librarv administration and management.2 (1991) 151-158; Schloman, B.F., Lilly, R. and. Hu, W. Targeting liaison activities; use of a faculty survey in an academic research library. RQ (1989) 496-505.

11) Ambrose, K. and Ambrose, L. Improving library effectiveness through a sociophysical analysis. Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc. 65(4) (1977) 438-442.

12) The following represents an attempt to be exhaustive: Anderson, S., Camp, M.G. and

Philp, J.R. Library utilization by medical students in a traditional or problem-based curriculum. In Bender et al., Op. cit., pp. 77-79; Blumberg, P.A. andMichael, J.A. Development of self-directed learning behaviors in a partially teacher-directed problem-based learning curriculum. Teaching and learning in Medicine:4(1) (1992) 3-8; Matheson, N.W. and Cooper, J.A.D. Academic information in the academic health science center: roles for the library in information management. J. Med. Ed. (1982) pt.II, 1-93 (pp.37-39 deal with user education); Neufeld, V. and Spaulding, W.B. Use of learning resources at McMaster University. BMJ 3(1973) 99-101; Rankin, J. Problem-based medical education: effect on library use. Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc. 80(1) 37-43; Rankin, J.A. Preparing medical libraries for use by students in PBL curricula. Acad. Med. 68(3) 205-206; Saunders, K., Northup, D.E. and Mennin, S.P. The library in a problem-based curriculum. In Kaufman, A. et al. Implementing problem-based medical education. New York: Springer, 1985; Stevenson, A. Information for innovation. Australian Special Libraries News 15(3) (1983) 89-91. Library policy regarding the SL is enunciated in Bessems, A., van den Hoogen, H. and Niesten, P. Studielandschappen: RL-onderwijsvoorziening in de jaren ‘90 (learning resource centres: University of Limburg educational provision in the 1990's), 1989. Brember, V.L. and Leggate,P. Linking a medical user survey to management for library effectiveness: 1. the user survey. J..Doc. 41(1) (1985) 1-14; Matching user needs in health care. Aslib Proceedings 34(2) (1982) 90-91.

14) Port, S. The Mount Sinai Medical Center Library user survey. Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc 65(2) (1977) 289-290.

15) Chitnik, S. U$age of a central psychiatric library. Australian Special Libraries News 11(2) (1978) 50-56.

16) Budd, J. and DiCarlo, M. Measures of user evaluation at two academic libraries: prolegomena. Library Research 4 (1982) 71-84.

17) Sellen, M.K. and Jirouch, J. Perceptions of library use by faculty and students: a

comparison. College and Research Libraries 45 (1984) 259-267.

18) Davis, B.B. User needs; the key to changing library services and policies. Bull. Med.

Libr. Assoc. 63 (1975) 195-198

19) Ebenezer, C.M. Librarv user survey proposal. phase two: questionnaire survey/direct observation studies. Unpublished, September 1993.

20) Some difficulties are apparently caused by the failure of the faculty office to provide lists of new students in good time.

21) Cf. Moore, op. cit. (note 7 above).

22) Cf. Jung, C. et al. Pathfinders: an intellectual guide to libraries, ERIC Document no. IR 52161. Castleton State College, 1987.